Apuntes históricos sobre la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas (parte II)

RESUMEN Profundizar en la historia es necesario para reforzar los valores identitarios que nos distinguen. Se describen los aspectos más relevantes de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, desde 1989 hasta principios de 2021. Los apuntes recopilados evocan la labor de sus líderes y otros estudiantes de diferentes generaciones, quienes se destacaron en actividades políticas, docentes, científicas, culturales, deportivo-recreativas y de extensión universitaria.

ABSTRACT To delve in history is necessary to reinforce the identity values identifying people. The most relevant aspects of the University Students Federation in the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences, from 1989 to early 2021 are described. The collected notes evoke the work of the leaders and other students of different generations who excelled in political, teaching, scientific, cultural, sport-recreational, and university extension activities.

Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba: una mirada a su producción científica / University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba: a look to its scientific production

Las universidades son uno de los ejes principales del desarrollo científico de un país y su misión ha variado a lo largo del tiempo. Estas instituciones nacieron con una primera misión que es la docencia, pero actualmente sus actividades son mucho más amplias. Al respecto, se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de reflexionar en torno a la producción científica en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas en Santiago de Cuba; asimismo, se indagó acerca de la colaboración e impacto alcanzados en la última edición del Ranking Iberoamericano de Instituciones de Educación Superior, 2020. Se evidenció que el uso de indicadores bibliométricos es una alternativa para medir y evaluar la producción científica de los profesionales de la salud, así como ampliar la productividad y la visibilidad a través de estrategias y políticas trazadas, a partir de la toma de decisiones oportunas.

The universities are one of the main focal points in the scientific development of a country and its mission has varied as time goes by. These institutions were born with a first mission that is teaching, but at the moment their activities are much wider. In this respect, the present study was carried out aimed at meditating around the scientific production in the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba; also, there was an investigation about the collaboration and impact reached in the last edition of the Ibero-American Ranking of Higher Education Institutions, 2020. It was evidenced that the use of bibliometric indicatives is an alternative to measure and evaluate the scientific production of the health professionals, as well as to enlarge the productivity and visibility through strategies and politics drawn up, taking the opportune decisions making as a starting point.

Nivel de dificultad y poder de discriminación del examen final de la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y SOMA / Difficulty level and discernment power on Human Ontogeny and SOMA final test subject

RESUMEN Fundamento: La calidad de los instrumentos evaluativos resulta esencial en el proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje. Objetivo: Determinar los índices de dificultad y discriminación del examen final ordinario de la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y Soma. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal en la asignatura Ontogenia y SOMA, del curso 2017-2018 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, en el que se procesaron 163 exámenes ordinarios finales, el 30 % de los examinados seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por grupos, se calcularon el índice de dificultad e índice de discriminación por preguntas, temas y ciencias. Resultados: El número de incisos esperados y reales, de acuerdo con las horas clases para cada ciencia estuvo ajustado, no así en las temáticas Ontogenia de 17 incisos esperados se dedicaron 12 (70.5 %), en SOMA de 34 incisos esperados se dedicaron 29 (85.2 %); el índice de dificultad por temáticas, ciencias y temarios fue medianamente fácil (0.74-0.86) al igual que para el examen en su conjunto. El índice de discriminación del tema Ontogenia fue superior en el temario 1 (T1: 0.37 vs. T2: 0.24) y similar en SOMA (T1: 0.40 vs. T2: 0.39) y a nivel de las ciencias [Embriología (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.31), Anatomía (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.37)]. A nivel de preguntas, el índice de discriminación más bajo lo tuvo la pregunta 1 del primer temario (0.22), el resto tuvo índices de discriminación superiores a 0.30. Conclusiones: Ambos temarios tienen un índice de discriminación similar. El índice de dificultad fue medianamente fácil.

ABSTRACT Background: The quality of the assessment instruments is essential in the learning assessment process. Objective: To determine the difficulty and discernment indexes of the Human Ontogeny and SOMA ordinary final test subject. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on the Ontogeny and SOMA subject, from 2017 to 2018 academic year at the Sancti Spíritus Faculty of Medical Sciences, 163 final ordinary tests were processed, 30 % of the examinees selected by stratified random cluster sampling, the difficulty and discernment index were calculated by questions, topics and sciences. Results: The number of expected and real items, according to the class hours for each science, was adjusted, but not in the subjects (Ontogeny of 17 expected items were dedicated 12 (70.5 %), in SOMA of 34 expected items 29 were dedicated (85.2 %), the difficulty index by subjects, sciences and syllabus was moderately easy (0.74-0.86) as for the exam as a whole. The discernment index of the topic Ontogeny was higher in the syllabus 1 (T1: 0.37 vs. T2: 0.24) and similar in SOMA (T1: 0.40 vs. T2: 0.39) and [Embryology (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.31), Anatomy (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.37)]. At the science level questions, the lowest discernment index was found in question 1 from the first syllabus (0.22), the rest had discernment indexes higher than 0.30. Conclusions: Both topics have a similar discernment index. The difficulty index was moderately easy.

Labor preventiva e implementación de estrategias docentes durante la COVID-19 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba / Preventive work and implementation of teaching strategies during Covid-19 in the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba

Ante la inminente situación mundial a partir del brote de la COVID-19, las organizaciones Mundial y Panamericana de la Salud, han trabajado en el control del virus. El sistema de salud cubano, a través del actuar comunitario con estudiantes y profesores, unido a la labor preventiva, permitió mitigar el riesgo que constituye esta enfermedad para la salud. A tales efectos, se comenta brevemente sobre la organización docente en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, donde, de forma virtual y bajo condiciones diferentes, se diseñó un nuevo escenario docente para garantizar la culminación de las asignaturas que no forman parte del currículo base del plan de estudio vigente, según las carreras y los diferentes años académicos.

In view of the imminent world situation taking the COVID-19 outbreak as a starting point, the Health World and Pan-American organizations, have worked in the control of virus. The Cuban health system, through community performance with students and professors, along with preventive work, allowed to mitigate the risk that this disease constitutes for the human health. To such effects, it is briefly commented on the teaching organization in the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba, where, in a virtual way and under different conditions, a new teaching scenario was designed to guarantee the ending of the subjects that are not part of the basic curriculum in the existing plan of study, according to the careers and the different academic years.

Concepción integradora para la evaluación de impacto de los procesos sustantivos en la universidad médica de Santiago de Cuba / Integrative conception for the impact evaluation of the fundamental processes in the medical university of Santiago de Cuba

La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba se ha apropiado de la práctica de gestión de la calidad como una cultura necesaria para elevar los estándares de sus procesos sustantivos. Todos los subsistemas que componen el Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de la educación superior evalúan variables relacionadas con el impacto. En este artículo se presenta una concepción integradora para dicha evaluación en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. La propuesta integra de manera coherente y con carácter sistémico categorías y conceptos de la evaluación de la calidad en la educación superior. Su implementación permite a la institución el establecimiento de acciones de mejora continua para la formación de recursos humanos de la salud, que protagonicen la transformación social y del estado de salud de la población.

The University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba has appropriated of the quality administration practice as a necessary culture to elevate the standards of its fundamental processes. All the subsystems that compose the evaluation and accreditation system of the higher education evaluate variables related to the impact. An integrative conception for this evaluation in the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba is presented in this work. The proposal integrates in a coherent way and with systemic character categories and concepts of the quality evaluation in higher education. Its implementation allows the institution the establishment of continuous improvement actions for the training of health human resources that play leading role in the social transformation and the population health state.

Apuntes históricos de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, primera parte / Historical notes on the University Students Federation in the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Part I

RESUMEN muy poco se conoce y apenas existe documentación sobre lo que la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria ha realizado en la provincia y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Por ser tan importante esta temática como parte del rescate de la memoria histórica de la organización estudiantil, constituye un reto investigar y escribirla. Describir algunos apuntes históricos del inicio y desarrollo de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, durante una primera etapa. Se describen algunos de los principales hechos vinculados al trabajo de los miembros de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de las carreras de ciencias médicas de Matanzas, se recopiló información sobre sus dirigentes estudiantiles, eventos académicos, científicos, culturales, juegos deportivos, entre otros, desde los años iniciales de la educación médica superior en la provincia hasta el comienzo de la década del 90. La historia de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios, en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, refleja el papel desempeñado por la organización, sus miembros y dirigentes, lo que la hace rejuvenecer cada año, con las nuevas generaciones que la integran (AU).

SUMMARY Very little is known and there is hardly any documentation on what the University Students Federation (FEU by its Spanish initialism) has done in the province and at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Because this theme is so important as part of the rescue of the historical memory of the student's organization, it is a challenge to investigate and write it. To provide some historical notes on the beginning and development of the University Student Federation in the current University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, during a first stage. The authors described some of the main facts related to the work of the members of the University Students Federation of the medical sciences degree courses of Matanzas; they collected information about its student leaders, academic, scientific, cultural events, sports games, among others, from the initial years of higher medical education in the province until the beginning of the 90s.The history of the University Students Federation at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences mirrors the role played by the organization, its members and leaders, rejuvenating it every year, with the new generations joining it in (AU).

Sitio Web institucional de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana / Institutional website of the University Of Medical Sciences Of Havana

Introducción: El siglo XXI caracterizado por el avance científico- tecnológico, impone desafíos. Se diseñó un sitio web como instrumento de apoyo a la participación colectiva y colaborativa, en el que se socializan las proyecciones, actividades y desafíos que desarrollan y enfrentan los recursos humanos que se forman en las disciplinas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Objetivo: Caracterizar el sitio web institucional de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana como contribución a la comunicación institucional. Métodos: Se realizó revisión documental. Para analizar y garantizar el intercambio académico, institucional y social; se determina la utilización del soporte tecnológico diseñado, para establecer un proceso de socialización del conocimiento docente, investigativo y extensionista, institucional de forma efectiva. Resultados: El sitio web institucional de la UCM H garantiza intercambio permanente e interactivo de la información con los interesados en los servicios académicos. Soportado sobre la plataforma Wordpress 4.1.9, tema Semiologic, con espacio de almacenamiento de 200 MB, publicadas 184 páginas, hasta la fecha de publicación de este trabajo. Conclusiones: El diseño realizado y la estructura organizativa creada preserva el proceso interactivo docente, investigativo y extensionista institucional, para garantizar el suministro y socialización de la información, apoyados en las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones(AU)

Introduction: The 21st century characterized by scientific-technological advance, imposes challenges. A website was designed as an instrument to support collective and collaborative participation, in which the projections, activities and challenges that develop and face the human resources that are trained in the disciplines of the University Of Medical Sciences Of Havana are socialized. Objective: Characterize the institutional website of the University Of Medical Sciences Of Havana as a contribution to institutional communication. Methods: Documentary review was carried out, to analyze and guarantee ensure academic, institutional and social exchange; the use of technological support designed to establish a process of effective socialization of teaching, research and extension knowledge is determined. Results: The UCM H institutional website guarantees permanent and interactive exchange of information with those interested in academic services. Supported on the Wordpress 4.1.9 platform, Semiologic theme, with storage space of 200 MB, published 184 pages, until the date of publication of this work. Conclusions: The design made and the organizational structure created preserves the interactive teaching, research and institutional extension process, to guarantee the provision and socialization of information, supported by Information and Communication Technologies(AU)

Factors relating to working life quality in Garash University of Medical Sciences in 2017

Background: Working life quality is one of variables which have been recently noticed in respect of significance by many directors who are seeking promotion of human resources quality. Determining factors relating to working life quality of Grash University of Medical Sciences which may reflect the significance that working life quality could be improved in the organization. Methods: This study is cross-sectional descriptive which was conducted in 2017 on 243 employees covered by Grash University of Medical University. Data collecting tool includes demographic information and Walton working life quality questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and Kolmogorov- Smirnov statistical tests, Pearson correlation factor and regression analysis. Results: among 243 respondents, 53.3% were women and the rest women. Working life quality level of 7% of them was low, 64.9% moderate and 28.1 was high. Among dimensions of working life quality, the highest average is related to life general space. Regarding the study results, 6.4% of changes of personnel working life quality are affected by demographic factors variable and the rest is due to other variables which is significant in significance level p<0.05. The average score of personnel working life quality in this study has been 108.85 which is in medium level. Conclusion: regarding the results of this study, managers and planners awareness of personnel working life quality and performing principal measurements for promoting working life quality is necessary to provide the required conditions for personnel for improving the quality of personnel services.

Experiences of Managers of Hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences on Obstacles of Implementing the Strategic Plan in 2017

Background: Strategic planning and its vital impact on achieving the organization goals, sometimes managers face serious obstacles and problems in implementing the strategic decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of managers of hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences on obstacles of implementing strategic plans in 2017. Methods: this qualitative study was conducted using a Hermeneutics approach which was accomplished through semi-structured interview with 8 hospital managers and those who had a main role in strategic planning and were selected with purposeful sampling method. Data was collected till reaching data saturation. Results: 80 codes were extracted by data analysis and finally 4 main themes, 12 classes and 26 subcategories were obtained. Themes include: managerial inefficient structure, inefficient human resources, inappropriate infrastructure and inefficient policies. Conclusion: Findings of the present study will provide a better perception of obstacles, opportunities and finally strategies of promoting this plan due to experiences of managers and other involving factors. Obstacles and factors of failure of strategic decisions in the hospitals should be fully known so that during implementation of strategic management process, the desired results are obtained with providence and better management or changing approaches

Dr Orlando Juan Ramos Prevez: eminente cardiólogo y médico militar / Dr Orlando Juan Ramos Prevez: eminent cardiologist and military physician

Se enaltecen aspectos notables de la vida del Dr Orlando Juan Ramos Prevez, distinguido profesor universitario, cardiólogo y fortaleza de la medicina militar cubana, Profesor Auxiliar y Consultante de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. También se destaca su sólida formación científica, incansable vida de luchador revolucionario, oficial y médico que con un profundo sentido patriótico, marca una huella indeleble en la asistencia, investigación y docencia médica superior, labor defendida con un pensamiento altruista en la formación de varias generaciones de profesionales de las ciencias médicas.

Remarkable aspects of Dr Orlando Juan Ramos Prevez life are ennobled, distinguished university professor, cardiologist and strength of spirit in the Cuban military medicine, Instructor and Consultant Professor of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba. His solid scientific training, tireless life of revolutionary fighter, official and physician is also highlighted that with a deep patriotic sense, marks an indelible influence in the assistance, investigation and higher medical teaching, protected work with an altruistic thought in training several generations of medical sciences professionals.

Study Report on Mongolian Traditional Medicine / 日本東洋医学雑誌

History of Mongolian medicine could be traced back to 2000 years ago. Mongolian traditional medicine has been built over many years. We traveled Mongolia to visit a hospital and a private clinic where traditional Mongolian medicine is in practice, and visited National University of Medical Sciences. In this paper, we report the current status of traditional medicine in Mongolia. We visited Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences and conversed with the president, vicepresident, and director of the traditional medical department. We visited a clinic where Mongolian traditional medicine is performed and a hospital where mainly traditional therapies and practical development are carried out. In the hospital, they mainly provide acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, cupping therapy, herbal therapy, and thermotherapy. It cannot be denied that moxibustion treatment came from Mongolia, because it is also said that ‘the north' in “Huangdi Neijing Suwen” chapter 12 means Mongolia. However, as there is a background once traditional medicine has been kept away from the national health care system, it is difficult to find a specific medical practice for Mongolian medicine as far as we have viewed the present status of medical practice in Mongolia. Considering that the cultural exchange with Japan is being carried out in many other fields, we expect that a number of new facts will come to light in the near future.

Comparative study of nursing group personnel number to active bed of hospitals affiliated to yasuj medical sciences university with existing standards and factors effective on it in 2015.

Introduction: Most problems of institutions providing treatment services in health systems (hospitals) are due to shortage of human force or its unsuitable distribution. Among the most important ways of increasing employing nurses as the major part of hospitals human forces is standardization of quantity and distribution of this valuable source. Methods: This study is applied descriptive and of cross sectional type. The research sample and society is nursing group personnel affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University. Data collecting tool is some tables containing number, gender combination and type of employment of nursing personnel (library model) and effective factors like reducing working hours rate due to efficiency law, increasing the number of hospitalization days after health system evolution plan were studied. Information after collecting was analyzed using SPSS software and using descriptive statistical tests. Results: The obtained results indicate that the ratio of nurse to active bed number is not similar to standards and there is a difference. The rate of working hours´ reduction due to efficiency law and the number of hospitalization days results in need to more personnel after health system evolution. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the required nursing force in the hospitals affiliated to Yasuj Medical Sciences University in some wards is not according to the standard of Ministry of Health and systematic attitude standard.

Evaluating social workers working life quality working at bushehr university of medical sciences in 2015-16.

Background and Objective: Working life quality is a combination of working environment variables which could be effective on job satisfaction increase, personnel retention and finally qualitative and quantitative promotion of services in each organization. So, Ministry of Health is not exempt from this rule. The present study has been performed with the aim of determining social workers working life quality working in Bushehr province health centers. Methodology: This study has been conducted in cross- sectional method (descriptive –analytical) on 467 social workers of the province health center. Statistical population selection and participation is in census form. Data collecting tool is Walton two-part questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire includes social workers demographic information which includes 7 questions. The second part of questionnaire which contains social workers working life quality includes 35 questions. Regarding wide usage of this questionnaire, its reliability and validity is confirmed and it is in an acceptable level. The collected information was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and the results were analyzed using descriptive – analytical statistics, Pierson correlation and unilateral variance analysis. Findings: The average total score of social workers working life quality 97.5 indicates desirable level. Considering all cases, also inclusion of confounding cases in regression model , in respect of demographic information only the variables of city (p=0.026), age (p=0.006), working background( p=0.33) determine social workers working life quality. Conclusion: Working life quality of Boushehr province social workers is in desirable level and the impact of this variable is considerable in increasing job satisfaction rate and social workers motivation and as a result the society health level promotion. Regarding the role of some factors especially demographic factors in more promotion of this variable, necessity of identifying these factors and trying to improve working life quality has special significance.

View point of managers in yasuj university of medical sciences, about intellectual capital and determination it’s effective factors.

Background and Objectives: Intellectual capital is a topic that is formed in the shadow of economic, social and managerial development in recent years. Its purpose is trying to use of knowledge effectively in management and upgrading and improving the organizations, and it has attracted much attention in today’s environment. This study was conducted and implemented to evaluate intellectual capital and effective factors on it in the Yasuj University of Medical Sciences of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study and all employees, including managers, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, selected for statistical population. This study was done in September 2015. 150 manager of university were participated in this project and completed the questionnaire. Collected and coded information was analyzed using SPSS-ver. 22 software. We used tables and diagrams for describing the statistical population and qui-square test and t-test for data analysis. Significance level was 0.05 in this study. Results: Mean and standard deviation of intellectual capital, human capital, costumer, and structural capital in study population were 61.3 (9.3), 60.6 (10.5), 62.7 (10.4) and 61.6 (11.2) respectively. Sex has had a significant relationship with the intellectual capital but; Age, job tenure and education have had no significant relationship with the intellectual capital. Conclusion: These scores indicate the middle and low level of intellectual capital in Yasuj University of medical sciences in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. It is necessary to plan for upgrading and improving the intellectual capital in the university.

Predictors of Dietary Supplement Usage among Medical Interns of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dietary supplement-use and its relationship with demographics and lifestyle of medical interns. The study sample comprised 356 interns aged 23 to 25 years. Participants completed a questionnaire on dietary supplement-use during the month preceding the study, information on demographic characteristics and lifestyle was also obtained. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to assess the correlates of dietary supplement-use. The prevalence of dietary supplement-use was about 33% (males 20.4% and females 43.2%, p<0.001). The most commonly-used dietary supplement was multivitamin/multivitamin-mineral (90.6% in males and 52.3% in females). Approximately 30% of supplements were used regularly (≥5 days/week) by all subjects. The most-frequently reported reasons for supplement-use in males were: enhancing daily energy/stamina (51.1%), poor food intake (13.3%) and, in females, were: improving health and nutritional status (39.3%) and reducing hair loss (23.4%). The decision to use dietary supplement was mostly driven by the interns themselves (56% in males, 61% in females). In the univariable analysis, men who exercised once or twice a week were less likely to use supplements compared to those who reported doing exercise more than twice weekly (OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.12-0.98). Females who reported their health status to be ‘excellent’ were more likely to use supplements compared to those who described their health status as ‘moderate/poor/very poor’ (OR=2.53, 95% CI 1.15-5.56) as were women who mentioned their breakfast consumption status as ‘always’ (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.47-4.92). In the multivariable analysis, only breakfast consumption was significantly related with dietary supplement-use in females (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.11-4.38). In conclusion, dietary supplement-use among medical interns, especially among females, was relatively very common. Dietary supplement-use was related to a healthier lifestyle.

Modelo de educación diabetológica con fines preventivo / Model of diabetological education with preventive aims

Se realizó una intervención educativa en 20 estudiantes del grupo de quinto año de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante los cursos 2010 al 2012, a fin de determinar la eficacia del modelo de educación diabetológica con fines preventivos. Se obtuvo que, tanto este modelo como el método educativo-preventivo y el procedimiento metodológico educativo propuestos favorecieron el perfeccionamiento del proceso docente-educativo, como nueva alternativa de solución para la didáctica de la educación diabetológica preventiva.

An educational intervention was carried out in 20 students of the fifth year group from the Medicine career, belonging to the Medical Sciences University in Santiago de Cuba, during the courses 2010-2012, in order to determine the effectiveness of the pattern of diabetological education with preventive aims. It was obtained that, either this model as the educational-preventive method and the educational methodological procedure which were proposed, favoured the improvement of the educational-teaching process, as a new alternative for the didactics of the preventive diabetological education.

Terapia floral en el tratamiento de estudiantes de medicina con estrés académico / Flower therapy in the treatment of medicine students with academic stress

Se realizó un estudio experimental, de intervención terapéutica, en 25 estudiantes de primer año de medicina, pertenecientes a la Facultad No.2 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, desde marzo hasta septiembre de 2012, con vistas a evaluar la efectividad de las esencias florales de Bach en el tratamiento del estrés académico. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: nivel de estrés, estresores académicos, reacciones físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales. Se calcularon las frecuencias absoluta y relativa para variables cualitativas, la media y desviación estándar para las cuantitativas, así como la prueba T para los datos pareados con un nivel de significación de 0,05 (p<0,05). La evolución favorable en la mayoría de los afectados puso de manifiesto la utilidad de la terapia floral para disminuir el estrés.

An experimental study, of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 25 first year students, belonging to Faculty 2 at the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, from March to September, 2012, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of Bach's flower essences in the treatment of school stress. Among the analyzed variables there were: stress level, academic stressors, physical, psychological and behavioural reactions. The absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables, the mean and standard deviation for the quantitative ones, as well as the T test for the paired data with a significance level of 0,05 (p <0,05). The favorable clinical course in most of the affected ones showed the usefulness of the flower therapy to decrease stress.

Validación de la calidad de las preguntas en un examen final de la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana / Validation of the quality of questions in a final examination of the subject Human Morphophysiology

Introducción: el índice de dificultad y el poder de discriminación son indicadores fáciles de calcular y útiles para el análisis de la correspondencia entre los resultados esperados y los obtenidos de un instrumento evaluativo. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de las preguntas del examen final ordinario de Morfofisiología Humana V. Métodos: fueron incluidos en esta investigación los 265 exámenes teóricos realizados por los estudiantes del segundo año en la Facultad de Medicina No. 2 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante el curso 2011-2012, a los que se les calculó el índice de dificultad y el poder de discriminación en cada una de las 7 preguntas aplicadas. Resultados: las preguntas de respuesta alternativa, que evaluaban los contenidos sobre la sangre y el corazón, mostraron un índice de dificultad por debajo de 0,1 y un poder de discriminación inferior a 0,2, lo que hace necesaria su reformulación en próximos instrumentos evaluativos. Los valores más altos para ambos indicadores fueron 0,34 y 0,86, respectivamente, y correspondieron a una pregunta de selección múltiple sobre vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos, siguiéndoles en orden las preguntas de respuesta abierta. Conclusiones: se demostró la pertinencia de la mayoría de las preguntas, destacándose la capacidad de 5 de ellas para distinguir estudiantes de alto y bajo rendimientos.

Introduction: the difficulty index and the discrimination power are easy indicators to calculate and useful for the analysis of the correspondence between the expected and obtained results of an evaluative instrument. Objective: to evaluate the quality of questions of the regular final examination of Human Mophophysiology V. Methods: the 265 theoretical examinations carried out by the second year students in the Medical Faculty No. 2 of the Medical University in Santiago de Cuba, during the course 2011-2012 were included in this investigation, to which the difficulty index and the discriminating power were calculated in each of the 7 applied questions. Results: the questions with alternative answer which evaluated the contents on blood and heart, showed a difficulty index below 0.1 and a discriminating power lower than 0.2, making necessary their reformulation in future evaluative instruments. The highest values for both indicators were 0.34 and 0.86, respectively, and they corresponded to a question of multiple selections on blood and lymphatic vessels, followed in order by the questions of open answer. Conclusions: the relevancy of most of the questions was demonstrated, and the capacity of 5 of them to distinguish students of high and low performances was emphasized.

Enseñar historia de Cuba en ciencias médicas: un compromiso y un reto / To teach the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers: a commitment and a challenge

Introducción: en la Historia de Cuba, los estudiantes universitarios encuentran argumentos y experiencias para enriquecer su actuación personal y social, así como obtienen herramientas para comprender los problemas del mundo tan complejo en que vivimos. Objetivo: argumentar que la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas constituye un compromiso y un reto por el papel de esta disciplina en la formación de los profesionales de la salud, no solo para Cuba sino para el resto del mundo en que se presta colaboración. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de textos de significativas personalidades de la docencia y la investigación de esta disciplina. Además fueron importantes las reflexiones sobre la base de la experiencia de más de 30 años en el ejercicio en la docencia de las autoras. Desarrollo: el estudio sistemático de la Historia de Cuba es hoy más que nunca de gran importancia en la actual coyuntura mundial. Cuba cuenta con una historia desbordada de ejemplos indelebles que constituyen la savia de la que se ha nutrido y se nutre nuestra nación. De ahí la extraordinaria importancia que tiene su conocimiento, como motivación para el futuro al que aspiramos. La enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba es una necesidad para la Educación Superior en todos los centros y carreras, pues el profesional egresado de las universidades necesita estar identificado con nuestra historia nacional. Constituye un verdadero reto para los profesionales de la docencia en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas esta disciplina, si se tiene en cuenta que la Historia de Cuba es objeto de estudio en todos los niveles de enseñanza que la preceden, de ahí que requiere una alta preparación. Conclusiones: la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en Ciencias Médicas tiene el compromiso de contribuir a la formación de profesionales de la salud y favorecer su crecimiento humanístico. Los docentes de la disciplina Historia de Cuba en la Universidad Médica, tienen el reto de elevar su nivel profesional para que desarrollen una docencia en la que predomine la cultura del debate donde los estudiantes comprendan, reflexionen, encuentre argumentos y arriben a conclusiones.

Introduction: in the history of Cuba university students find arguments and experiences to enrich their personal and social performance and at the same time they obtain the right tools to understand the problems of the complex world we live in. Objective: point out that teaching the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers constitutea commitment and a challenge since the important role of this subject in the formationof professionals of the health not only in Cuba but for the rest of the world where thereexists Cuban collaboration. Method: it was carried out a bibliographical revision of texts written by important personalities related to teaching and research of this discipline. It was also taken into consideration important reflections of the authors based on their experience of more than thirty years teaching this discipline. Development: the systematic study of the History of Cuba is more than ever today of great importance in the current world joint. Cuba has an overflowed history of indelible examples that you/they constitute the sap of which has been nurtured and our nation is nurtured. Of there the extraordinary importance that has the knowledge of the same one, as motivation for the future to which we aspire. The teaching of the History of Cuba is a necessity for the Superior Education in all the centers and careers, because the professional egresado of the universities needs to be identified with our national history. It constitutes a true challenge for the professionals of the docencia in the University of Medical Sciences this discipline, if one keeps in mind that the History of Cuba is study object in all the teaching levels that precede it, with the result that it requires of a high preparation. Conclusions: the teaching of the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers has as commitmentto contribute to the formation of new professionals of health and develop their humanistic personalities. Teachers of the subject History of Cuba in the medical university face the challenge ofincreasing their professional level in order to develop a debate culture among the students so they can think, understand and finally find arguments to arrive to their own conclusions.

Estrategia metodológica para capacitar al tutor de la Vanguardia Mario Muñoz. Una experiencia camagüeyana / Methodological strategy to qualify tutors of the vanguards movement Mario Muñoz. A Camagüeyan experience

La insuficiente preparación teórica-metodológica de los tutores de la Vanguardia Mario Muñoz Monroy se identificó como el problema científico abordado en la tesis de maestría: Estrategia metodológica para capacitar al tutor de la “Vanguardia Mario Muñoz” de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, por lo que se trazó como objetivo diseñar una estrategia metodológica dirigida a la capacitación de estos tutores de la carrera de Medicina. Se emplearon métodos del nivel empírico y teórico. Entre los resultados se destacaron: el diseño de la estrategia metodológica conformada por la planificación de talleres teórico-metodológicos para el perfeccionamiento de la labor del tutor de la Vanguardia Mario Muñoz y la elaboración de un material complementario.

The insufficient theoretic-methodological preparation of tutors of the Vanguards movement Mario Muñoz Monroy has been identified as the scientific problem rose on the master’s degree thesis: Methodological strategy to qualify tutors of the Vanguards movement “Mario Muñoz” at Medical University in Camagüey. The main objective was to design a methodological strategy meant for tutors of Medical degree. Several theoretical and empirical methods were implemented. As a significant result it could be mentioned: the design of a methodological strategy conformed by the planning of theoretic-methodological workshops for the improvement of the tutors work within the movement and by the creation of a complementary material.